(Mouse)脂類主要包括脂肪、磷脂、鞘脂和膽固醇脂,其吸收代謝有兩種情況: 中鏈、短鏈脂肪酸構成的甘油三酯乳化后即可吸收——>腸粘膜細胞內(nèi)水解為脂肪酸及甘油——>門靜脈入血。長鏈脂肪酸構成的甘油三酯在腸道分解為長鏈脂肪酸和甘油一酯,再吸收——>腸粘膜細胞內(nèi)再合成甘油三酯,與載脂蛋白、膽固醇等結(jié)合成乳糜微!>淋巴入血甘油三脂代謝。
脂類相關代謝途徑有以下四種:
· 甘油三脂代謝
· 磷脂代謝
· 膽固醇代謝
· 血漿脂蛋白代謝
脂肪代謝途徑主要基因:
1、脂肪形成(Adipogenesis)
2、調(diào)控基因(Regulatory Genes):
Adipokines: Adig (Adipogenin), Adipoq, Cfd, Lep, Retn.(5)
Hormones: Agt, Angpt2.(2)
Enzymes: Lipe, Lpl.(2)
PPAR gamma 途徑(PPAR Gamma Targets):ipoq, Cebpa, Cfd, Fabp4, Fasn, Irs2, Klf15, Pparg, Ppargc1a (PGC-1a), Retn, Sirt3, Srebf1.(12)
脂肪分化調(diào)控(Adipogenesis Regulation):
- Pro-Adipogenesis: Acacb, Axin1, Ccnd1, Cdk4, Cebpb, Cebpd, Dkk1, E2f1, Fabp4, Fasn, Fgf1, Fgf2, Irs2, Jun, Lmna, Rxra, Sfrp1, Sfrp5, Slc2a4 (GLUT4), Wnt5b.(20)
- Anti-Adipogenesis: Adrb2, Cdkn1a, Cdkn1b, Ddit3, Dlk1, Foxo1, Hes1, Lrp5, Ncor2, Runx1t1, Shh, Sirt1, Sirt2, Taz, Tcf7l2, Tsc22d3, Vdr, Wnt1, Wnt3a.(19)
- Pro-White Adipose Tissue: Bmp2, Bmp4, Cebpa, Egr2, Fgf10, Klf15, Klf4.(7)
- Anti-White Adipose Tissue: Gata2, Gata3, Klf2, Klf3.(4)
- Pro-Brown Adipose Tissue: Bmp7, Creb1, Dio2, Foxc2, Insr, Irs1, Mapk14, Nrf1, Ppara, Ppard, Prdm16, Sirt3, Src, Ucp1, Wnt5a.(15)
- Anti-Brown Adipose Tissue: Ncoa2, Nr0b2, Nr1h3, Rb1, Twist1, Wnt10b.(6)
2、脂肪酸代謝(Fatty Acid Metabolism)
脂肪酸分解(Fatty Acid Catabolism):
Acetyl-CoA Transferases: Acaa1a, Acaa2, Acat1, Acat2.(4)
Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases: Acad9, Acad10, Acad11, Acadl, Acadm, Acads, Acadsb, Acadvl, Ehhadh, Gcdh.(10)
Acyl-CoA Oxidases: Acox1, Acox2, Acox3.(3)
Acyl-CoA Synthetases: Acsbg1, Acsbg2, Acsl1, Acsl3, Acsl4, Acsl5, Acsl6, Acsm2, Acsm3, Acsm4, Acsm5.(11)
Acyl-CoA Thioesterases: Acot2, Acot3, Acot6, Acot7, Acot8, Acot9, Acot12.(7)
Carnitine Transferases: Cpt1a, Cpt1b, Cpt1c, Cpt2, Crat, Crot.(6)
Other: Aldh2, Decr1, Decr2, Echs1, Hadha, Mcee, Mut, Eci2, Pecr, Ppa1.(9)
脂肪酸運轉(zhuǎn)(Fatty Acid Transport):Cpt1a, Cpt1b, Cpt1c, Cpt2, Crat, Crot, Fabp1, Fabp2, Fabp3, Fabp4, Fabp5, Fabp6, Slc27a1, Slc27a2, Slc27a3, Slc27a4, Slc27a5, Slc27a6.(18)
脂肪酸合成調(diào)控(Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Regulation):Prkaa1, Prkaa2, Prkab1, Prkab2, Prkaca, Prkacb, Prkag1, Prkag2, Prkag3.(9)
酮體生成(Ketogenesis):Bdh1, Bdh2, Hmgcl, Hmgcs1, Hmgcs2, Oxct2a.(6)
甘油三酯分解代謝(Triacylglycerol Catabolism):Gk2, Gpd1, Gpd2, Gyk, Lipe, Lpl.(6)
脂蛋白信號和膽固醇代謝(Lipoprotein Signaling & Cholesterol Metabolism PCR Array)
LDL Receptors and Associated Proteins(低密度脂蛋白受體和相關蛋白)
LDL Receptors: Cxcl16, Ldlr, Lrp10, Lrp12, Lrp1b, Lrp6, Olr1, Stab1, Stab2, Vldlr.(10)
LDL Receptors Associated Proteins: Lrpap1, Pcsk9, Snx17.(3)
LDL Associated Proteins: Ankra2, Apoa4, Cdh13, Colec12, Crp, Scarf1, Sorl1.(7)
HDL Associated Proteins: Apoa1, Apod, Apof, Apol8.(5)
膽固醇轉(zhuǎn)運Cholesterol Transport:
Cholesterol Transporters: Abca1, Abcg1, Apoa1, Apoe, Stard3.(5)
Cholesterol Efflux: Abca1, Abcg1, Apoa1, Apoa4, Apoe.(4)
Reverse Cholesterol Transport: Abca1, Apoa1, Apoa2, Apoa4, Apoe, Lcat.(6)
Other Genes Involved in Cholesterol Transport: Apob, Ldlr, Npc1l1, Osbpl5.(4)
膽固醇代謝Cholesterol Metabolism:
Cholesterol Absorption: Cel, Ldlr, Npc1l1.(3)
Cholesterol Catabolism: Akr1d1, Apoe, Cel, Cyp39a1, Cyp46a1, Cyp7a1, Scarf1, Snx17, Trerf1.(9)
Cholesterol Homeostasis: Abca1, Abcg1, Angptl3, Apoa1, Apoa2, Apoa4, Apoe, Lcat, Ldlr, Ldlrap1, Pcsk9.(11)
Cholesterol Biosynthesis: Acaa2, Cnbp, Cyb5r3 (Dia1), Cyp51, Dhcr24, Dhcr7, Ebp, Fdft1, Fdps, Hmgcr, Hmgcs1, Hmgcs2, Idi1, Idi2, Mvd, Mvk, Npc1l1, Nsdhl, Pmvk, Prkaa1, Prkaa2, Prkag2, Tm7sf2.(23)
Other Genes Involved in Cholesterol Metabolism: Abca2, Apob, Apoc3, Apof, Apol8, Cyp11a1, Cyp7b1, Cela3b, Hdlbp, Il4, Insig1, Insig2, Lep, Lipe, Mbtps1, Nr0b2, Nr1h4, Osbpl1a, Osbpl5, Ppard, Scap, Soat1, Soat2, Sorl1, Srebf1, Srebf2, Stard3, Vldlr.(28)