研究顯示,斑馬魚和人類基因組的同源性高達 70% 以上。斑馬魚的基因組與人類疾病相關(guān)基因的相似性高達 80%。和人相比,斑馬魚的生理機能非常保守 (有時候比嚙齒類動物更保守),如心臟電生理學(xué)。
此外,斑馬魚和人類一樣,會自然的產(chǎn)生癌變,且大多數(shù)致癌基因和腫瘤抑制基因在進化上是保守的。由于斑馬魚的相對透明性,可用于識別癌變和腫瘤進展的研究。與哺乳動物不同,斑馬魚的胚胎是在外部發(fā)育的。斑馬魚還有著遠優(yōu)于哺乳動物的繁殖能力,性成熟的雌性斑馬魚,平均每條魚 1-2 天可產(chǎn)卵幾十到幾百顆。
體外給藥
青鳉個體小、繁殖快、近交品系多、突變體多,有完整的基因組序列,與大多數(shù)魚類不同,青鳉具有二倍體染色體結(jié)構(gòu),是唯一擁有雄性性別決定基因和雌性決定基因的脊椎動物。多種干細胞系的建立為研究基因功能所需的細胞生物學(xué)研究提供了良好的平臺。ZFN 和 TALENs,尤其是 CRISP Cas9 技術(shù)在青鳉中均已成功應(yīng)用。越來越多的學(xué)者以青鳉為模式物種進行生殖細胞發(fā)育等功能研究。
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